Calculating machine



NOV. 2, 194?.

Filed Dec. 9, 1944 D. BROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE Q7 Sheets-Sheet 2- A'ITORNEV 4 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 Nov. 2, 1948. I BROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE l7 Sheets-Sheet 3 A7TORNEY Nov. 2, 1948. I D. BROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1944 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 F/GAZ.

Nov. 2, 1948; D. BROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1944 I i7 Sheets-Sheet s /N VENTOR ATTORNEY Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROlDO CALCULATING MACHINE l7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE Nov. 2, 1948.

17 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 Nov. 2, 1948. D. B ROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE I Filed Dec. 9, 1944 17 Sheets-Sheet 8 0 m J U! )[9 5/0 lm I 3,

WW6 Wanda BY I 1 ATI'ORNEY Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 /NVEN7DR ATT RNEY D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE Nov. 2, 1948.

FiledDec. 9, 1944 i F/G-9A- 1 /04 /07 I09 "0 17 Sheets-Sheet l0 INVENT'OR ATTORNEY Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROIDO,

CALGULA'I'iNG MACHINE l7 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 INVENTOR BY W ' ATTORNEV Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1944 l F/Gj/OA. a7 60 4 6/ 17 Sheets-Sheet l2 Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE 17 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed Dec. 9, 1.944

F IG. /5.

-2 v E 0/0 0/0 mvslv-mm ATTORNEY,

Nova 2 D. BROIDO 2,4523? CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec: 9, 1944- 1'7 Sheets-Sheet l6 Nov. 2, 1948. D. BROIDO 2,452,987

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1944 17 Sheets-Sheet 1'7 F/G/Q ll l-IIIE 2 a C Dec. an of of H W 0/8-4 a Q Li. f9

F/GZO.

Dec. R i 5 g Y of Y Q d d i 5:0 +2to+7 +1 I to -4 +3 +7 +2 L W K 1 wvz-Wro W ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 2, 1948 CALCULATING MACHINE Daniel Broido, Cockfosters, near Barnet,

England Application December 9, 1944, Serial No. 567,347

In Great Britain December 10, 1943 This invention relates to calculating machines I for non-uniiorm numerical systems comprising interrelated sets of units (such as s d) of the type based on repeated addition.

In decimal calculating machines of this type 1 the relative position of the result register and of the value-entering means is normally changed by displacing a carriage transversely to the machine. This carriage shift is utilised to increase the set-up values by decimal multiples.

In the specification to my Patent No. 2,408,134 there is described a calculating machine for nonuniform numerical systems, wherein the carriage shift is used similarly to decimal machines to increase, or to decrease, the set-up amount by decimal multiples.

The object of the present invention is to provide a calculating machine for non-uniform numerical systems comprising interrelated sets of units (such as s d) wherein not only non-uniform amounts may be multiplied by decimal amounts, but conversely decimal amounts may be multiplied by non-decimal amounts, without any decimalisation.

A further object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine wherein non-uniform amounts may be divided by decimal amounts without any decimalisation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine indicating correctly multipliers and quotients in decimal or non-decimal systems, as the case maybe, without the error involved in decimalisation or re-decimalisation of non-dec mal amounts.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine wherein the carriage shift is utilised to increase. or to decrease the set-up amount by decimal multiples or by nondec'mal multiples as desired.

Yet a further object is to provide a calculating ma hine with two independent carriage shifts, one shift being used for decimal multipliers or quotients and the other shift being used for nondecimal multipliers or quotients.

Another object is to provide a calculating machine having a revolution register which indicates each revolut on of the main operating shaft in any position of the carriage, each revolution resulting in addition or subtraction of a decimal or a non-decimal multiple of the set-up amount, according to the position of the carriage.

Further objects of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds.

With these objects in view, a calculating machine for non-uniform numerical systemscomprising interrelated sets of units made according to the invention comprises a set-up mechatism for the first factor entering into a calculation, a conversion mechanism having physical representations of all set-up values multiplied 5 Claims. (Cl. 235-61) by unit values of the denominations of the interrelated sets of units, said multiples being expressed in the interrelated sets of units, means for selecting those of said representations which correspond to denominations of the interrelated sets of units comprising the second factor entering into a calculation, a feeler mechanism adapted to sense said representations, a products register, and means for entering the sensed values into the products register repeatedly in accordance with the denominational values of the various sets of units of the non-uniform factor.

The invention further comprehends a calculating machine suitable both for non-uniform and decimal multipliers and quotients comprising a set-up mechanism for the non-uniform factor, a conversion mechanism having physical representations of decimal multiples of all setup values and also physical representations of non-decimal multiples of all set-up values of the highest set of units multiplied by unit values of the denominations of the lower sets of units, said multiples being expressed in the interrelated sets of units, means for selecting said representations according to the denominations of the second factor entering into a calculation,'a feeler mechanism adapted to sense said representations, a products register, and means for entering the sensed values into the products register repeatedly in accordance with denominational values of the second factor.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate a machine made according to the present invention: w

Figure 1 is a conversion table, Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 show the selector plates of the top bank, second bank, third bank, fourth bank, and bottom bank, respectively;

Figures '7 and 8 illustrate diagrammatically the arrangement of the selector plates used in the mach ne, Figures 9, 9A together represent a vertical section on line IXIX of Figures 10, 10A, (also indicated in 13 and 14) Figures 10, 10A together represent a section on line XX of Figures 9 and 9A,;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary section on line XI'- XI of Figure 9,

Figure 12 is a section on line XII--XII of Figure 11, Figure 13 is a section on line XIIIXIII of Figure 9, Figure 14 is a fragmentary section, on a larger scale, on line XIV-XIV of Figure 9A,

Figure 15 is a section on line XVXV of- Figure 14,

Figure 16 is a section'approximately on line XVI-XVI of Figures 9, 9A, 1

Figure 17 is a fragmentary View in th direction of arrow XVII in Figure 18, n s

Figure 18 is a View of the machine, on a reduced scale, taken in the direction of arrow XVIII in Figures: 9,

Figure 19 shows in detail one of the selectorplates used in the machine, and

Figure 20 shows another selector plate used in the machine.

General arrangement The machine illustrated in the drawings com-- prises, broadly, a shiftable set-up and'conversion mechanism, a products register, a feeder mechanism adapted to transfer the set-up values to the products register, a revolution registerfor indicating the number of said transfers, and driving means and other associated devices. As shown i'n Figures 9, 9A, 10 and 10A, the various mechanisms are mounted on. abuse plate I: in. the: frame structure 2, 3 and are protected by a covert Set-up and conversion mechanism As shown in Figures 9;, 9A, 10; and 18, the setup mechanism comprises ten setting levers 5, of which: five levers are. reserved for the poundsdenominations (designated LAN-4A.), two for the shillings (tens SH): and units SI) one for pence (D')r,..and two levers for tenth-s and hundredths'of apenny, respectively (Di-+ Di 9- All setting levers .5,Fig... 9-,. are rockably mounted'on a shaft 6. fixedly supported in side plates '1', 8, Fig. Ill; fixed to cross bars 9 (Figure '9') (hereafter referred to as the carriage). Forwardextensions o'f levers protrude through slots in carriagev cover 10. so as to be rockedinto alignment with. numerals arranged alongthe respective slotstotindicate the set-up Values. Each lever 5 has:.-serra=tions tl co-operating. with. deten-ts t2 rockableon a rod 1 3 secured. in. carriage plates 1 8. 1 SpringsM holdthe detents 52 in sugarement. with. serrations -l Lguide plates 1-5 serving to-prevent the. detentsirom. slipping oil? the serrations.

" Setti-ngelevers: 5 serve to bring; into-working po sitionr.selector plates 16;. on'e-ofwhich: iSLpDOVided for each numeral marked on carriage cover in adjacent. to the respective slots. These selector plates; which constitute the conversion; mechanism and will be fully described hereafter, are arranged in five banks ol'earlyshown in:.-Figures 9;, 9A. The top:iba.nk: comprises Lil)? and I) se l'cctor plates 1:6 (shown in detail. in. Figure 2) which are rockably supported onasha'ft- 6 bythe "respective setting levers 5 and balls H, asrshown in Figure 1-0;. The :iour lower banks comprise selector plates Li!) and Dill- (shown: in detail. in I'ligure;i3:)' (second bankrfrom'top) Lland Dill- (shown in detallin- Figured) (third bank); L and SI (shown in detail in Figure 5') (.fourth bank); and. Iii-:9 and S|'ll:(shown'in detail in Figure 6) (bottom, bank). Selector plates l6 of'th'e lowerzbanks are. mounted in bails tfl rockable on respective shafts I 9 secured in carriageplates I, 8. Thetbails "Hi: supporting each set of plates irli: are connected by a link 2b to the respective setting leverv 'S moun'ted onshait 6 between the levers 5 and bails I'l' supporting the selector plates iii (hm andlll of the top bank; as shown: ure 10. Selector plates l 6' co-act. with fivebanks of sensing pins 21' mounted for: slidingmovement opposite the respective banks of selector plates. By aligning the .Sfilitil'ig levers '5 supporting the selector plates. of the top bank with certainanumerals :oncarriage cover I (3., the. corre spending selector plates I 6 are brought into 4 working position opposite the sensing pins 2! of the uppermost bank. Similarly, by aligning the setting levers 5 connected by links ill! to bails I8 supporting the selector plates It of the lower banks with certain numerals on carriage cover H], the corresponding selector plates Hi are brought into working position opposite the sensing pins 2! of the respective banks.

A restoring bar 22 pivoted on shaft 9 has a handle 23 protruding through a slot in carriage coverlll. When handle 23 is lifted upwards, bar 22. rotates around shaft 6 and restores all setting levers 5 into the initial position.

Carriage 9 is mounted for transverse movements on rollers 24 running in rails 25, 2E. Aspring 21 mountedtinharrel 29 runs over pulley 29 (Figure l0); and :is secured to carriage plate 55,. so as to pull the carriage to the left. An escapement pawl 3i) pivoted at. 3! (Fig; 11) on carriage 9 co-acts with a rack 32 fixed to base plate I. A shift lever .33 (Fig. 9) pivoted at M in carriage 9 protrudes forwardly through a slot in carriage cover I 'EI and has a knob 355; spring 36 tends to rock the lever 33 clockwise as viewed in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 11, the rear end of lever 33 engages a slot in pawl 39, thus rocking it anticlockwise so that a nose 31 formed on pawl 39 engages the teeth of rack 32. A second escapement pawl. 38' pivoted at 39 is biased bya spring 40 on to an. abutment 4"! formed on pawl 30; so that this second pawl 33 is normally clear of the teeth of rack 32.. When knob 35, Fig. 9, is depressed, the rear end of lever 33 swings the pawl 39 clockwise as viewed in. Figure 11, thus disengagingnthenose 3'! from rack 32 and causin the secondrpawl 39 to rock downwards. The carriage is: then; shifted by spring 2'! approx mately half awstep to the left, whereupon the second pawl 38 engages the rack 32, When knob 35 is released, lever 33 and pawls 3B and 33 are restored by springs 36 and 48-, and nose of pawl 38 disengages rack. 32, whereupon the carriage is again shifted for approximately half a step until nose 3'! reengages rack. 32. Thus, the total movement of the. carriage 9 upon each depression of knob .35 equals the pitch of rack 32. The carriage is arranged. to move in equal. steps a maximum of seven. steps to the left from the initial position, and four steps to the right'thereof. Each of these eleven. steps of the carriage is equal to the distance between two adjacent register wheels of the pounds; set of units. In addition the carriage may move four more steps to the right, these four additional steps being unequal to the said distance. as will be fully explained hereafter.

As: shown in Figure It, the various positions of the carriage'are-indicated by a pointer 42 formed on carriage cover it, which pointer co-acts with numerals +I to +1 on machine cover 4. to indicate positions to the left from the initial position designated (Land with indications -l to 4 and SIG; SI, D, D/B to indicate the shift to the right.

A special arrangement is provided for the four last positions of the carriage at the right-hand side of the machine. This consists of four stop plates 43-45 shown in Figs. 11 and 12. Plate 43 is-reserved for the carriage position Sill associated with tens of shillin s as will be fully de soribedhereafter, plate 44 isreserved for units of shillings Si, and plates 45--46' are reserved for pence-D and eighths of a penny D/ 8 respectively. Plates.434ii are pivoted on a pin l! in brackets 482securedto base plate I and are held in their normal; position by springs 49 against a stop 5!). Each stop plate 4'3-46 is formed with a tooth 5iand a hump 52. Fixed to the carriage 9 adjacent to the escapement pawls is a plate 53 adapted to engage any one tooth 5| and to stop the carriage 9 in the respective position. The co-operation of plate 53 with tooth 5| on the last stop plate 46 reserved for D/8 is shown in dash-and-dot lines on Figs. 11 and 12. To allow carriage 9 to travel to the left, knob 35, Fig. 9, is depressed, the rear end of lever 33 rocks pawl 30, Fig. 11, so that abutment 4| is depressed as already described. As this abutment 4| is above hump 52 on plate 46, this particular plate will be depressed and tooth 5| will be disengaged from plate 53. thus allowing the carriage to travel to the left until stopped by tooth 5| on the next stop plate 45. Thus on each depression of the knob 35, Fig, 9, the carriage 9 is allowed to travel to the left an amount determined by the distance between the teeth 5| on stop plates 43-46.

When the carriage is located in position SH], the plate 53 engages tooth 5! on stop plate 43. When the shift lever 33 is depressed the carriage will shift to the left until the second escapement pawl 38 engages the face of rack 32. When the lever 33 is released, pawl 38 disengages the rack 32 and nose 3'! on pawl 39 engages the first tooth on rack 32, as shown in Fig. 11. On further depression of shift lever 33, the carriage shifts to the left in equal steps as already described.

Return movement of carriage 9 is effected by knobs 54, Figure 9, on a hand wheel 55 journalled in the carriage. Hand wheel 55 is fixed to a gear 58 secured to one of rollers 24. Gear 56 meshes with a rack 51 ormed. on front rail 25. B turning the hand wheel 55 clockwise (as viewed from the front of the machine), the carriage 9 is shifted to the right.

The carriage shift is uti i ed to mu tiply the set-up values bv decimal multi les. i. e., by 10. 100, 1000, and so forth when shifted into posit on +l, +2. and so forth. or by 0.1, 0.01, and so forth when shifted into position -2, and so forth, or by non-decmal mul iples l0/. l/, 1d., or d. when shifted into position sm, S|. D, or D/B, respective y. This arrangement of the mechanism provides. in the p esent embodiment, for a capacity up to 99, 999, 999.9999 or for the multip ier, and up to 99,999:l9:l1.99d. or 99999 for the multiplicand. The product may comprise thirteen pounds denominations, two shillings denominations, pence denom nation, and six denominations of decimal fractions of a penny. A sensing pin 2| is provided for each bank of selector pl tes it for each of these twenty-two possible result denominations. The transverse distance between the sensing pins 2|, as may be seen from Figures 7 and 8. is t e same between the pins associated with L||l L| and D||l- -D||l denominations, namely equal to the carriage shift in decimal positions, but it is different to the distance between sensing pins LI, SI, DI, and D|9 The importance of this arrangement will become apparent as the description proceeds.

Selector plates I6. except those reserved for the zero values, are notched so as to represent the converted decimal or non-decimal multiples of the resmctive set-up values. which the decimal multiples are represented by notches has been fully described in the specification to my Patent No. 2,408,134, and it will be only briefly described in the present specification.

The arrangement or the notches will be evident set-up The manner in from an inspection of Figures 7, 8, 19, and 20. The general arrangement of notches in two representative plates I9, namely those associated with nine pounds (9) and siX pence (6d), is shown in Figures 19, 20, respectively. In these figures each notch is identified as to its associated numerical value (line a of the table arranged above each plate), as to its denominatial significance (line b), and as to the ordinal position of the carriage in which this notch becomes effective (line 0), as will be fully described hereafter. Thus, in Figure 19 the extreme lefthand notch represents the value four of the pounds denomination; it will become effective in the SIG position of the carriage. In Figure 20, the deepest notch represents 6 of the decimalsof-a-penny denominations; it will be effective in any carriage position from to 4.

Fig. '7 illustrates the carriage shift to the left. It shows two selector plates N5 of the top bank, namely those associated with 709 (or 700), and 7d, designated respectively M9 67), and D(|). Sensing pins 2i are represented by thick vertical lines designates L'HJ Di along the top edge of the drawing, The transverse positions of the carriage are designated by numerals 9 to +1 along the right-hand edge of the drawing. Selector plates it in line wit each of these numerals are shown in their actual positions relatively to the sensing pins 2! in the respective transverse positions of the carriage. I

Considering first the pence selector plate D('|), it will be seen that in the initial position 0 only one sensing pin 2| will be aligned with a notch in the plate, name y the D pin; the depth of this particular notch is such. as to represent 7, i. e., it is seven unit steps deep. as indicated by the numeral 7 ad acent to this notch. ihe sensing pins 2| are arranged to move into the notches and to transfer the values associated with each notch to the corresponding numeral wheel of the products register. as will be fully described hereafter. Evidently the amount of movement of each sensing pin, viz, the emount transferred to the respective register wheel. is determined by the depth of the respectivenotch. If a sensing pin does not encounter a notch. i. e., is stopped by the edge of the se ector 'pate, it does not move appreciably. and the associated register wheel is i i not operated at all. In the present case, only the D pin wi l enter a notch. and thus it will transfer the val e 7 associa ed with this notch to the pence wheel of the products register.

The t ns of shill ngs values of the multi les are arranged s parately from other values on bars 58, one of which is fixed to each plate it a ong its edge just above it, as clearly shown in Fig. 9. Accordingly. the Sill sensing pin 2| is arranged somewhat higher than all other sensing pins. In Figures '7, 8 the bars are shown dagram matica ly below the respective selector plates l5. Since the digit of tens or shillings is either 0 or 1, bars 58 are cut away to represent 10/-; the SH) feeler mechanism is'arrangcd to move not more than one step. as will be described hereafter, As indicated in Fig. '7, bars 59 extend from the setting lever 5 to the b il II, the gap between bars 58 on L|9 and DO) plates it being filled by bail l1 and lever 5. as shown in dotted lines. Thus. in position 9 the Sid sensing pin 2! registers 0.

When the D('|) selector plate is shifted one step to the left in position sensing pins SI and D will be aligned with notches representing 5 and 10 respectively; consequently, the 

